{"id":7458,"date":"2026-03-31T18:13:14","date_gmt":"2026-03-31T18:13:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jssp.reviste.ubbcluj.ro\/?p=7458"},"modified":"2026-03-31T18:13:14","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T18:13:14","slug":"abstract-02jssp012026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jssp.reviste.ubbcluj.ro\/?p=7458","title":{"rendered":"Abstract 02JSSP012026"},"content":{"rendered":"

Headway-Based Multimodal Resilience Assessment of Metro Systems under Disruption: A Service-Level Case Study from Bucharest, Romania<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Roozbeh EBRAHIMI GOLSHANABADI*1<\/sup><\/strong>
\n<\/strong>*\u00a0Corresponding author
\n<\/em>1<\/sup><\/em>National University of Science and Technology \u201cPolitehnica\u201d, Doctoral School of Transport, Bucharest, ROMANIA\u00a0<\/em>
\n<\/strong>E-mail<\/strong>: roozbeh.ebrahimi@stud.trans.upb.ro; ORCID<\/strong>: 0000-0002-9391-7269<\/em>
\n<\/strong>Pages<\/strong>: 17-27. DOI<\/strong>: 10.24193\/JSSP.2026.1.02<\/a>
\nReceived<\/strong>: 02 February 2026
\nReceived in revised form<\/strong>: 23 March 2026
\nAccepted for publication<\/strong>: 29 March 2026
\nAvailable online<\/strong>: 30 March 2026
\n<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Cite<\/strong>: Ebrahimi Golshanabadi R. (2026), Headway-Based Multimodal Resilience Assessment of Metro Systems under Disruption: A Service-Level Case Study from Bucharest, Romania. Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning, 17(1), 17-27. DOI: 10.24193\/JSSP.2026.1.02<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong>. Metro disruptions affect passengers primarily through headway inflation, headway dispersion and temporary losses of spatial coverage. This paper proposes a headway-native, service-level resilience framework that directly links operational disruption responses to passenger-visible performance. Three complementary indicators are formalized: Mean Headway Deviation (MHD) for service regularity, Service Availability Ratio (SAR) for spatial\u2013temporal coverage, and a System Redundancy Index (SRI) capturing alternative-mode provisioning and operational reserves. These indicators are integrated into a time-varying composite resilience function, summarized over the disruption horizon using a normalized area-under-the-curve metric. The framework is demonstrated on a conceptual Bucharest metro corridor under three response strategies: (A) metro-only short-turn operation, (B) standard segment bus bridging, and (C) integrated extended\/parallel\/customized bridging. Scenario C delivers consistently superior performance, reducing mean headway deviation from +4.0 min to +1.5 min (\u221263%), restoring availability from 0.82 to 0.95 (+16%), and increasing redundancy from 0.46 to 0.63 (+37%). The composite resilience score improves from 0.54 to 0.78. Sensitivity analysis confirms dominance invariance under all admissible policy weightings, supporting robust planning use. These findings highlight how disruption-response strategies influence dynamic urban accessibility by preserving station catchments and maintaining corridor-level connectivity, thereby supporting more resilient settlement-level mobility planning.<\/span><\/p>\n

K e y w o r d s<\/strong>: <\/strong>metro disruptions, bus bridging, headway reliability, multimodal resilience, service availability, redundancy<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Headway-Based Multimodal Resilience Assessment of Metro Systems under Disruption: A Service-Level Case Study from Bucharest, Romania Roozbeh EBRAHIMI GOLSHANABADI*1 *\u00a0Corresponding author 1National University of Science and Technology \u201cPolitehnica\u201d, Doctoral School of Transport, Bucharest, ROMANIA\u00a0 E-mail: roozbeh.ebrahimi@stud.trans.upb.ro; ORCID: 0000-0002-9391-7269 Pages: 17-27. DOI: 10.24193\/JSSP.2026.1.02 Received: 02 February 2026 Received in revised form: 23 March 2026 Accepted for … <\/p>\n

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