An Assessment of Neighborhood Disaster Resilience in Tehran Metropolis

Kooshiar ZEBARDAST¹, Keramatollah ZIARI*²
* Corresponding author
¹ University of Tehran, Kish International Campus, Department of Geography, Kish, IRAN
² University of Tehran, Faculty of Geography, Department of Human Geography and Planning, Tehran, IRAN
E-mail: kooshiar.zebardas@ut.ac.ir; ORCID: 0009-0005-9163-8521
E-mail: zayyari@ut.ac.ir; ORCID: 0000-0001-9135-4768
Pages: 113-132. DOI: 10.24193/JSSP.2025.2.02
Received: 06 January 2025
Received in revised form: 07 September 2025
Accepted for publication: 11 November 2025
Available online: 09 December 2025

Cite: Zebardast K., Ziari K. (2025), An Assessment of Neighborhood Disaster Resilience in Tehran Metropolis. Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning, 16(2), 113-132. DOI: 10.24193/JSSP.2025.2.02

Abstract. There is growing interest in how local communities could become more resilient to the adverse effects of disasters. Identifying baseline indicators and establishing a methodology for evaluating community disaster resilience (DR) at a finer scale (neighborhood) is of utmost importance. This article (1) adapts the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC) framework to identify baseline resilience indicators, (2) utilizes the hybrid Factor Analysis and Analytic Network Process (F’ANP) model to assess DR, and (3) uses discriminant analysis to validate the applicability of the proposed methodology at the neighborhood level of the Tehran Metropolis. Guided and inspired by the BRIC framework, 35 baseline DR indicators are chosen from the literature. Using the F’ANP model, the seven extracted DR subdomains are reorganized to align with the BRIC structure. A composite DR index is computed and classified into five categories, using K-Means cluster analysis. The results are validated by discriminant analysis and spatial autocorrelation. Employing the BRIC-F’ANP model allows for the restructuring of identified disaster resilience subdomains to form the necessary resilience structure. The obtained results indicate that higher DR neighborhoods are concentrated in the northern parts of the city, whereas those with lower DR are clustered in the southern parts of the Tehran Metropolis. The adaptation of the BRIC F’ANP model has resulted in the development of a robust methodology for measuring DR at the neighborhood level that could be replicated for assessing the neighborhood DR in other cities.

K e y w o r d s: BRIC framework, disaster resilience, F’ANP model, composite index, Tehran Metropolis